


Satellite night images of Athens, Buenos Aires and London (not to the same scale). From a distance, millions of single light-emitting elements (lamp-posts, car lights, building lights, etc.) add up to define the form of the full city. The tiny size of those light-emitting elements, when seen from space, diffuses the form of the city into a nebulous massing, where only a few elements such as thoroughfares and roads, neighborhoods, or the higher-density areas, are distinguishable. In these images, form is the result of the addition of a large number of minuscule units, in the same way that a large number of pixels define the image in a computer screen. This definition of form rejects the idea of contour, even geometry. It proposes a way of understanding complex formal relationships by means of very simple parameters such as concentration -in this case of light; adjacency -lit versus dark areas; or relative position -centralized versus radial arrangement.

